Volumes have been written on the trans-Atlantic slave trade and its consequences, but there has been far less attention paid to the forced migration of black Africans into the Mediterranean world of Islam, and the Arab lands beyond. From the ninth to the early twentieth century many black Africans were forcibly taken across the Sahara, up the Nile valley, and across the Red Sea, perhaps as many as were transported across the Atlantic in a much shorter period. Guided by Eve Troutt Powell, (a MacArthur Fellow who has written extensively on 19th century Egypt and Sudan), Chouki el Hamel (a historian at Arizona State University), and author Joseph Braude, we will consider musical aspects of this often overlooked legacy in Egypt, Sudan, Morocco, and the Persian Gulf. Produced by Banning Eyre.